목 차
국문요약 ················································································1
❘제1장❘ 서 론 ∙ 최수형 ······················································13
제1절 연구의 목적 및 의의 ········································································15
제2절 보고서의 구성 ···················································································19
❘제2장❘ 전국범죄피해조사 수행 절차 및 방법 ∙ 최수형 ····21
제1절 조사 개요 ·························································································23
1. 조사 배경 및 목적 ·······················································································23
2. 조사 연혁 ······································································································23
3. 조사 설계 ······································································································24
4. 조사 주기 및 기간 ·······················································································25
5. 조사 방법 ······································································································25
6. 조사 내용 ······································································································25
7. 조사 체계 ······································································································26
8. 결과 공표 ······································································································26
제2절 연구 수행 절차 ·················································································26
1. 연구 기획 ······································································································27
2. 조사 설계 ······································································································31
가. 조사표 설계 ····································································································31
나. 표본설계 ··········································································································46
다. 가중치 작성 및 추정 ·····················································································56
3. 자료 수집 계획 및 준비 ··············································································60
가. 자료수집계획 ··································································································60
나. 실사준비 ··········································································································64
ii 전국범죄피해조사 2016
다. 통계작성 변경 신청 ·······················································································71
라. 통계청 나라통계시스템 개발 ·········································································72
마. 조사원 교육 및 관리 ·····················································································73
4. 자료수집 ········································································································78
가. 실사진행 및 관리 ···························································································78
나. 실사지도 ··········································································································80
5. 자료입력 및 처리 ·························································································81
가. 자료입력 및 검증 ···························································································81
나. 최종 조사 자료 생산 ·····················································································84
6. 자료 분석 ····································································································85
7. 문서화 ··········································································································86
8. 자료제공 ········································································································86
가. 보고서 ·············································································································86
나. 통계 포털사이트(CCJS) 전국범죄피해조사 데이터베이스(DB) ·······················86
다. 마이크로 데이터 서비스 ················································································87
라. 통계청 KOSIS 통계표 제공 ··········································································89
9. 사후점검 및 관리 ·························································································90
제3절 표본의 대표성 평가 및 특성 ····························································92
1. 표본 대표성 평가 ·······················································································92
2. 조사대상 가구의 특성 ··················································································94
가. 조사대상 가구의 거주 특성 ········································································94
나. 조사 대상 가구의 사회경제적 특성 ······························································96
3. 조사대상자의 특성 ························································································97
가. 조사대상자의 인구학적 특성 ·········································································97
나. 조사대상자의 사회경제적 특성 ·····································································99
제4절 범죄피해 유형 및 추출방식 ····························································100
1. 범죄피해 유형 분류 체계 ··········································································100
2. 공표 범죄피해 유형 ···················································································105
목차 iii
❘제3장❘ 전국 범죄피해 발생 현황 ∙ 최수형 ····················109
제1절 범죄 피해발생률 ·············································································111
1. 범죄피해자 수 및 피해자 발생률 ·····························································111
2. 범죄피해 발생 건수 및 범죄 피해율 ························································112
3. 피해자별 피해 횟수 ···················································································117
제2절 가구대상 범죄피해율 ······································································119
1. 가구대상 범죄피해 가구 수 및 피해 가구 발생률 ··································119
2. 가구대상 범죄피해 건수 및 피해율 ··························································120
제3절 난폭/보복 운전 피해발생률(특별주제) ············································123
1. 조사대상 응답자의 운전관련 특성 및 인식 ·············································123
2. 난폭운전 및 보복운전 피해발생률 ····························································125
가. 전국 난폭운전 및 보복운전 피해발생률 ····················································125
나. 난폭운전 피해 내용 및 결과 ······································································131
다. 보복운전 피해 내용 및 결과 ······································································133
제4절 범죄 피해발생률 요약 및 소결 ······················································137
1. 주요 범죄 피해발생률 ················································································137
2. 가구대상 범죄피해율 ··················································································138
3. 난폭운전 및 보복운전 피해발생률 ····························································138
❘제4장❘ 폭력범죄피해 실태 및 피해 결과 ∙ 최수형 ········141
제1절 피해 발생 일시 및 장소 ································································143
1. 피해 발생 일시 ···························································································143
2. 피해 발생 장소 ···························································································144
제2절 피해 내용 및 피해 결과 ································································146
1. 구체적인 피해 상황 ···················································································146
가. 신체적인 공격 내용 ·····················································································146
나. 피해 당시 피해자의 상황 및 행동 ·····························································147
iv 전국범죄피해조사 2016
2. 피해 결과 ····································································································152
가. 신체적 피해 ································································································152
나. 정신적 피해 ································································································153
제3절 가해자의 특성 ················································································155
1. 가해자 인지 여부 및 가해자의 수 ···························································155
2. 가해자의 인구학적 특성 ············································································156
3. 가해자 음주 상태 ·······················································································157
4. 피해자와 가해자와의 관계 ········································································157
제4절 경찰 신고 및 처리현황 ··································································159
1. 신고 여부 및 신고 이유 ··········································································159
2. 경찰 조치 여부 및 내용 ··········································································160
3. 처리절차에 관한 정보 제공 여부 및 이해 정도 ·····································161
4. 경찰 조치에 대한 만족도 ··········································································162
5. 범인검거 여부 ·····························································································163
6. 신고로 인한 시간 손실 ··············································································163
제5절 폭력범죄피해 내용 요약 및 소결 ···················································164
❘제5장❘ 재산범죄피해 실태 및 피해 결과 ∙ 최수형 ········167
제1절 피해 발생 일시 및 장소 ································································169
1. 피해 발생 일시 ···························································································169
2. 피해 발생 장소 ···························································································171
제2절 피해내용 및 피해결과 ····································································172
1. 구체적인 피해 상황 ···················································································172
가. 절도 피해 ···································································································172
나. 손상 및 파손 피해 ·······················································································173
다. 사기 피해 ···································································································175
라. 피해자의 특징 ····························································································178
2. 피해 결과 ····································································································179
목차 v
제3절 경찰 신고 및 처리 현황 ································································181
1. 신고 여부 및 신고 이유 ··········································································181
2. 경찰 조치 여부 및 내용 ··········································································183
3. 처리절차에 관한 정보 제공 여부 및 이해 정도 ·····································184
4. 경찰조치에 대한 만족도 ············································································184
5. 범인검거 여부 ·····························································································185
6. 신고로 인한 시간 손실 ··············································································186
제4절 재산범죄피해 내용 요약 및 소결 ···················································186
❘제6장❘ 범죄피해 취약성 요인분석 ∙ 조영오 ···················189
제1절 지역사회 특성과 범죄피해 ·····························································191
1. 지역사회 특성과 재산범죄피해 ·································································192
2. 지역사회 특성과 주거침입피해 ·································································194
3. 지역사회 특성과 폭력범죄피해 ·································································195
제2절 가구특성과 범죄피해 ······································································196
1. 가구특성과 재산범죄피해 ··········································································196
2. 가구특성과 주거침입범죄피해 ···································································198
3. 가구특성과 폭력범죄피해 ··········································································200
제3절 인구사회학적 특성과 범죄피해 ·······················································201
1. 인구사회학적 특성과 재산범죄피해 ··························································201
2. 인구사회학적 특성과 대인절도범죄피해 ···················································203
3. 인구사회학적 특성과 사기범죄피해 ··························································204
4. 인구사회학적 특성과 폭력범죄피해 ··························································206
제4절 생활양식 및 자기통제수준과 범죄피해 ···········································207
1. 생활양식 및 자기통제수준과 재산범죄피해 ·············································207
2. 생활양식 및 자기통제수준과 대인절도범죄피해 ······································209
3. 생활양식 및 자기통제수준과 폭력범죄피해 ·············································210
제5절 범죄피해취약성 요인의 연도 간 비교 ············································212
vi 전국범죄피해조사 2016
제6절 범죄피해취약성 요인의 주요결과 ·················································215
❘제7장❘ 범죄에 대한 인식, 범죄에 대한 두려움 및
범죄예방활동 ∙ 조영오 ········································219
제1절 범죄발생에 대한 인식 ····································································221
1. 범죄발생에 대한 인식 ················································································221
2. 우리나라 범죄발생에 대한 인식에 영향을 주는 요인들 ·························222
가. 인구사회학적 특성과 우리나라 범죄발생에 대한 인식 ····························222
나. 범죄피해경험과 우리나라 범죄발생에 대한 인식 ······································225
다. 지역규모 및 주택특성과 우리나라 범죄발생에 대한 인식 ·······················226
3. 우리동네 범죄발생에 대한 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인들 ·····················227
가. 인구사회학적 특성과 우리동네 범죄발생에 대한 인식 ····························227
나. 범죄피해경험과 우리동네 범죄발생에 대한 인식 ······································229
다. 지역규모 및 주택특성과 우리동네 범죄발생에 대한 인식 ·······················230
라. 지역사회 특성, 미디어 노출 및 자기통제수준과 범죄발생에
대한 인식 ····································································································231
제2절 범죄에 대한 두려움 ········································································232
1. 범죄에 대한 두려움의 유형 ·······································································232
2. 범죄에 대한 두려움에 영향을 미치는 요인 ·············································236
가. 인구사회학적 특성과 범죄에 대한 두려움 ················································236
나. 범죄피해경험과 범죄에 대한 두려움 ··························································239
다. 지역규모 및 주택특성과 범죄에 대한 두려움 ···········································240
라. 지역사회 특성, 미디어 노출 및 자기통제수준과 범죄에
대한 두려움 ································································································242
제3절 범죄예방활동 ··················································································243
1. 소극적 범죄예방활동과 적극적 범죄예방활동 ·········································243
2. 범죄예방활동에 영향을 미치는 요인 ························································243
가. 인구사회학적 특성과 범죄예방활동 ····························································243
나. 범죄피해경험과 범죄예방활동 ·····································································245
목차 vii
다. 지역규모 및 주택유형과 범죄예방활동 ······················································246
제4절 범죄발생에 대한 인식, 범죄에 대한 두려움 및 범죄
예방활동의 추세분석 ·····································································247
1. 범죄발생에 대한 인식의 추세분석 ····························································247
2. 범죄두려움에 대한 추세분석 ·····································································249
3. 범죄예방활동에 대한 추세분석 ·································································253
제5절 범죄발생에 대한 인식, 범죄에 대한 두려움 및
범죄예방활동의 주요결과 ······························································253
❘제8장❘ 전국범죄피해조사의 발전방안 ∙ 조영오･최수형 ·····259
제1절 조사 수행 과정에 대한 평가 ··························································261
1. 특별주제 추가 조사 수행 ··········································································261
2. 통계청 통계대행과 통계컨설팅 결과 ······················································262
3. 실사 과정 및 결과에 대한 종합적 평가 ··················································264
제2절 해외 범죄피해조사의 현황 검토 ·····················································274
1. 국제범죄피해조사(International Crime Victim Survey,
ICVS) ·········································································································274
가. 국제범죄피해조사의 역사 ············································································274
나. 조사내용 ·······································································································275
다. 표본설계 및 조사방법 ·················································································277
2. 미국 전국범죄피해조사(National Crime Victimization Sur
NCVS) ········································································································280
가. 미국 전국범죄피해조사의 역사 ···································································280
나. 조사내용 ·······································································································281
다. 표본설계 및 조사방법 ·················································································284
3. 캐나다 일반사회조사: 범죄피해조사(General Social
Survey:Victimization Survey) ····························································287
가. 캐나다 범죄피해조사의 역사 ······································································287
나. 조사내용 ·······································································································288
viii 전국범죄피해조사 2016
다. 표본설계 및 조사방법 ·················································································290
4. 영국/웨일즈 범죄피해조사(Crime Survey for England and ales,
CSEW) ·······································································································292
가. 영국/웨일즈 범죄피해조사의 역사 ·····························································292
나. 조사내용 ·······································································································293
다. 표본설계 및 조사방법 ·················································································295
5. 호주범죄피해조사(Crime Victimisation) ···············································297
가. 호주범죄피해조사의 역사 ············································································297
나. 조사내용 ·······································································································298
다. 표본설계 및 조사방법 ·················································································299
6. 해외 범죄피해조사에 대한 종합적 검토 ··················································300
제3절 향후 과제 및 발전 방향 ································································305
1. 조사 설계에 대한 재검토 ··········································································305
가. 표본 규모 및 조사 대상 ············································································305
나. 조사표 설계 ··································································································307
2. 새로운 자료수집방법 도입 검토 ·······························································312
가. 조사표 응답 방식 ·························································································312
나. 조사 방법의 적절성 검토를 위한 방안 모색 ·············································314
❘제9장❘ 요약 및 결론 ∙ 조영오･최수형 ······························315
제1절 주요 연구 결과 ··············································································317
1. 2016년 범죄피해율 ··················································································317
2. 2016년 특별주제: 난폭운전 및 보복운전 피해율 및 피해내용
···················································································································318
3. 범죄피해유형별 주요 피해 내용 및 피해 결과 ·····································319
4. 범죄피해 취약성 요인 분석 결과 ·····························································321
5. 범죄에 대한 인식 및 두려움 관련 조사 결과 ·········································323
제2절 전국범죄피해조사의 발전방향 모색을 위한 제언 ·························325
목차 ix
참고문헌 ·············································································327
Abstract ············································································333
부록 ···················································································347

국문요약
1. 조사 개요
가. 조사 배경 및 목적
우리나라 국민을 대상으로 범죄피해율을 살펴보고, 범죄의 취약성 요인을 밝히며,
범죄현상에 대한 인식과 태도를 파악하기 위한 목적으로 실시
나. 조사 연혁
∙ 1990년 : 『범죄피해조사란 무엇인가』 연구사업 수행
∙ 1991년 : 서울 시민 범죄피해에 관한 조사(시험조사)
∙ 1994년 : 제1차 『전국범죄피해에 관한 조사』
∙ 1997년 : 제2차 『1996년 한국의 범죄피해에 관한 조사』
∙ 1999년 : 제3차 『1998년 한국의 범죄피해에 관한 조사』
∙ 2001년 : 『2000년 국제범죄피해조사-한국편』
∙ 2003년 : 제4차 『2002년 한국의 범죄피해에 관한 조사』
∙ 2006년 : 제5차 『2005년 한국의 범죄피해에 관한 조사』
∙ 2009년 : 개편 제1차 『2008년 기준 전국범죄피해조사』
- 조사방법론 전면 개편
- 국가승인통계 ‘제40301호’지정
- 특별주제 ‘보이스피싱/신용도용’
- 통계청 통계대행과 협력 조사
- 조사 표본 수 4,710가구
∙ 2011년 : 제2차 『2010년 기준 전국범죄피해조사』
- 2009년 개편 이후 1차 조사방법 개선 및 보완
- 통계청 통계대행과 협력 조사
2 전국범죄피해조사 2016
- 조사 표본 수 7,550가구
∙ 2013년 : 제3차 『2012년 기준 국민생활안전실태조사』
- 2009년 개편 이후 2차 조사방법 개선 및 보완
- 국가승인통계 조사 명칭 변경
- 통계청 통계대행과 협력 조사
- 조사 표본 수 6,300가구
∙ 2015년 : 제4차 『2014년 기준 국민생활안전실태조사』
- 개편 이후 제3차 조사 기준 조사표 및 조사방법 유지
- 민간 사회조사 전문 업체를 통한 실사 진행 및 관리
- 조사 표본 수 6,960가구
∙ 2017년 : 제5차 『2016년 기준 국민생활안전실태조사』
- 개편 이후 제3차 조사 기준 조사표 및 조사방법 유지
- 특별주제 ‘난폭/보복 운전피해’
- 민간 사회조사 전문 업체를 통한 실사 진행 및 관리
- 조사 표본 수 6,100가구
※ 본 보고서에는 조사의 목적과 내용을 담고 있는 【전국범죄피해조사】라는 명칭
을 그대로 사용하고자 함
다. 조사 설계
∙ 목표모집단 : 조사기준 시점(2015년 5월 29일)에 대한민국영토 중 행정권이 미치는
지역 내에 거주하는 일반가구 및 만 14세 이상 가구원
∙ 조사모집단 : 2010년 인구주택총조사 결과의 일반조사구 중 보통조사구(1) 및 아파
트조사구(A)의 모든 가구 및 만 14세 이상 가구원
∙ 층화 :
- 2010년 인구주택총조사 상의 조사구 : 7개 특별시․광역시와 9개 도 지역으로
층화하고 9개 도 지역에 대해서는 동부와 읍․면부로 세부 층화
- 2010년 11월 이후 신축된 아파트 : 시․도 구분에 따라 층화하여 17개의 층을
구성하였음
국문요약 3
∙ 표본추출방법 : 확률비례추출방법(PPS)에 의해 표본 조사구를 추출하고 추출된
조사구내에서 계통표집을 통해 10가구 추출
∙ 가중값 : 설계가중치, 무응답조정가중치, 사후층화 가중치
∙ 조사규모 : 610개 조사구(조사구 당 10가구)
라. 조사 주기 및 기간
∙ 조사주기 : 2년
∙ 조사기간 : 2017년 5월 1일 - 6월 16일
마. 조사 방법
∙ 자료수집방법 : 가구방문을 통해 일대일 면접조사 및 자기기입식 병행
바. 조사 내용
∙ 조사표 구성 및 내용 : 기초조사표(가구대표응답자용/가구원용) + 사건조사표
- 기초조사표 : 가구구성, 동네와 이웃환경, 일상생활 및 범죄예방활동, 작년 한
해 동안 겪은 범죄피해경험에 대한 스크리닝 질문, 2016 특별주제(난폭/보복운
전 피해), 가구월평균수입, 학력 등의 배경문항
- 사건조사표 : 사건발생 일시와 장소, 범행수법, 신체피해, 피해자의 대응, 경찰
신고 여부 등

사. 조사 체계
∙ 한국형사정책연구원 연구팀 : 전체 조사기획 및 조사 수행 전략 수집, 조사 설계,
실사 진행 및 관리 지원, 자료 분석 및 보고서 작성
∙ ㈜칸타퍼블릭 : 실사 진행 및 관리
∙ 통계청 조사관리국 통계대행과 : 조사통계 생산 전 과정에 대한 자문과 점검
∙ 통계청 통계서비스정책관 조사시스템관리과 : 표준화된 자료입력 및 처리를 위한
4 전국범죄피해조사 2016
나라통계시스템 개발 및 활용 지원
아. 결과 공표
∙ 공표방법 : 보고서 발간
∙ 공표주기 : 2년
∙ 간행물명 : 전국범죄피해조사 2016
- 한국형사정책연구원 홈페이지(http://www.kic.re.kr) 다운로드 가능
∙ 한국형사정책연구원 범죄통계포털 범죄와 형사사법 통계정보(Crime and
Criminal Justice Statistics, CCJS) 홈페이지(http://www.crimestats.or.kr)
- 전국범죄피해조사 데이터베이스를 통한 통계 분석
- 마이크로 데이터 제공
∙ KOSIS : 통계청 국가통계포털(http://kosis.kr)
2. 주요 분석 결과
가. 2016년 범죄피해율
1) 전국범죄피해조사에서 측정한 범죄는 크게 폭력범죄와 재산범죄로 구분되며 폭력
범죄에는 강도와 폭행, 성폭력, 괴롭힘이 포함되며 재산범죄에는 절도와 사기, 손괴
등이 포함된다.
2) 2017년 만14세 이상의 인구 46,702,347명 가운데 2016년 한 해 동안 폭력범죄나
재산범죄 피해경험이 있다고 응답한 피해자의 수는 1,617,001명으로 추정되며 범죄피
해자 발생률은 3.46%로 2012년에 비해서는 감소하였다(2012년:3.98%, 2014
년:3.46%). 강도와 폭행, 성폭력 등의 폭력범죄피해자의 발생 비율은 2012년에는
0.69%, 2014년에는 0.33%, 2016년에는 0.36%로 2012년 이후 감소하다가 2016년에는
다소 증가하기는 하였으나 지난 5년 동안 약 0.4% 감소하였다. 절도와 사기 등의 재산범
죄피해자의 비율 역시 2012년 3.44%, 2014년에는 3.09%, 2016년에는 3.11%로 2014
년의 경우 2012년에 비해 피해자의 비율이 감소하였다가 2016년에는 0.02% 증가하고
는 있으나 2012년에 비해 재산범죄피해자의 발생률은 낮은 편이었다.
국문요약 5
3) 인구 10만 명당 피해발생 건수를 중심으로 범죄 피해발생률을 살펴본 결과, 전체
범죄피해의 경우는 인구 10만 명당 발생건수가 2012년 4,600건, 2014년 3,743건,
2016년에는 3,556건으로 2012년 이후 지속적인 감소 추세로 인구 10만 명당 발생건수
가 약 1,000건 이상이 줄었다. 인구 10만 명당 범죄피해발생건수를 범죄피해유형별로
살펴보면 재산범죄는 2012년 3,832건에서 2014년 3,290건, 2016년 3,168건으로 지속
적인 감소추세이며 폭력범죄의 경우에는 인구 10만 명당 피해건수가 768건, 372건,
388건으로 최근 5년 동안 약 50%가 줄었다.
나. 2016년 특별주제: 난폭운전 및 보복운전 피해율 및 피해 내용
1) 2016년 한 해 동안 운전경험이 있는 사람 가운데 신호나 지시위반, 중앙선 침범,
속도위반 등을 연달아하거나 하나의 행위를 지속적으로 하는 등의 난폭운전 피해 경험
이 있는 경우는 8.84%였고 도로 위에서 자동차 등을 이용해 폭행, 협박, 손괴 등의
공포심을 느끼게 하는 보복운전 피해경험이 있는 경우는 2.07%로 난폭운전 피해의
경우는 100명 가운데 약 9명이 경험하였고 보복운전 피해의 경우는 100명 가운데
약 2명이 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 난폭운전피해가 발생한 총 횟수는
3,689,070건, 보복운전은 713,966건으로 추정되어 난폭운전피해는 인구10만당 약
18,443건이 보복운전피해는 약 870건이 발생한 것으로 추정된다.
2) 난폭운전과 보복운전 피해운전자의 특성을 살펴본 결과, 여성 운전자가 남성 운전
자에 비해 난폭운전과 보복운전 피해를 경험하는 경우가 더 많았고 교통법규 위반
등으로 단속경험이 많은 운전자가 난폭운전과 보복운전의 피해 경험이 많은 것으로
나타나 도로위에서의 폭력행위 피해 경험과 운전자의 평소 운전 습관과의 관계가 있을
것으로 예상할 수 있었다. 한편, 난폭운전과 보복운전 피해운전자 한명이 실제 경험한
피해 횟수를 알아본 결과 난폭운전피해의 경우는 2건 이상의 피해 경험이 있는 경우가
약 54%. 보복운전피해의 경우는 약 48%로 보복운전의 중복피해율이 난폭운전에 비해
서는 낮지만 도로위에서의 폭력행위인 난폭운전과 보복운전의 피해는 강도와 폭행
등의 일반폭력범죄와 절도와 사기 등의 재산범죄와는 달리 최초의 피해 경험 이후에
또 다시 피해를 당하는 경우가 상당히 많아서 향후 이에 대한 구체적인 논의가 필요해
보인다.
6 전국범죄피해조사 2016
3) 난폭운전행위 가운데 많이 나타났던 유형은 ‘차량들 사이로 지그재그로 운전하면
서 급차로 변경’(39.28%)과 ‘과속을 하면서 신호위반을 하는 행위’(30.81%)였으며 난폭
운전 피해는 주로 ‘시내 일반도로’에서 발생하였으며 피해 발생 시간은 ‘오후 15시부터
오후 8시 이전’(22.17%), ‘저녁 18시부터 저녁 21시 이전’(21.83%)이 많았다. 또한 난폭
운전 차량의 유형을 살펴보면 국산중대형이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났으나 2016년 12월
기준 승용차 등록비율 대비 난폭운전 차량 유형의 비율을 살펴보면 영업용 승용차와
수입차의 난폭운전 비율이 상대적으로 높았다. 한편, 난폭운전으로 인한 피해결과를
보면 타박상 등의 신체적 피해나 차량 긁힘이나 파손 등의 재산적 피해를 경험한 경우가
약 8%로 나타났다.
4) 보복운전의 주요 유형은 ‘추월하여 차량 앞에서 고의로 급제동하여 위협하는 경
우’(52.15%)와 ‘급정지로 막아 세워 욕설을 하거나 위협하는 행위’ (36.75%)로 나타났고
보복운전피해를 당하기 전의 상황으로는 주로 ‘상대차량이 갑자기 끼어들어서 경적을
울렸거나 상향등을 켠 경우’(41.10%), ‘깜박이를 켜지 않고 상대 차량 앞으로 끼어든
경우’(15.53%), ‘상대 차량 차선으로 급하게 차선 변경한 경우’(11.26%)였다. 보복운전
피해 발생시간과 장소를 살펴본 결과 주로 ‘시내 일반도로’에서 발생하였으며 피해
발생 시간은 ‘저녁 18시부터 21시 이전’(20.72%), ‘낮 12부터 15시 이전’(20.10%)이
많았다. 또한 보복운전 차량의 유형을 살펴보면 ‘국산중대형’(46.45%), ‘수입중대
형’(22.55%), ‘영업용 승용차’(8.66%), ‘국산소형’(8.33%) 등의 순으로 나타나 난폭운전
차량에서 수입중대형인 경우는 8.97%였으나 보복운전차량 유형별 분포에서는 20%
이상을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 보복운전피해 결과에 대해 알아보면,
가벼운 신체피해를 포함한 신체적 피해는 3.14%, 차량 긁힘이나 파손 등의 재산적
피해를 경험한 경우는 4.54%로 난폭운전피해에 비해서 신체적 피해경험이 높았다.
다. 범죄피해유형별 주요 피해 내용 및 피해 결과
(1) 폭력범죄피해 발생 시기와 관련하여 살펴보면 2016년에 발생한 강도, 폭행, 성폭
력 등의 폭력범죄피해는 ‘가을’(38.80%)에 발생하는 경우가 가장 많았고 ‘저녁부터 밤사
이(18시-24시, 47.05%)’에 주로 발생하였으며 신체적 공격이 있었던 경우가 전체의
40% 이상을 차지하여 이전 연도에 비해 상대적으로 높은 수치로 나타난 반면 폭력범죄
국문요약 7
피해 당시 가해자가 흉기를 소지한 비율은 2012년 이후 점차 감소하였다(24.14%→
7.75%→7.68%). 한편, 폭력범죄피해사건의 70%이상이 피해 당시 피해자 본인이나 함
께 있었던 사람이 자신을 보호하기 위해 ‘소리 지르기, 경찰을 부르겠다는 등의 위협이
나 경고’나 ‘타인에게 도움을 요청’등의 노력을 하는 것으로 나타났으며 이는 다른
연도에 비해 상당히 높았다(2012년:46.45%, 2014년:45.80%).
(2) 폭력범죄피해 당시 실제로 신체적 피해가 있었는지 살펴본 결과 2016년의 경우
전체 폭력범죄피해 사건에서 약 80%(78.33%) 정도가 신체적 피해가 있었던 것으로
나타나 2012년 이후 폭력범죄피해의 신체적 피해율이 가장 높았다(2012년:31.04%,
2014년:64.15%). 2016년 폭력범죄피해의 신체적 피해는 주로 ‘몸이나 눈에 멍이 드는
등의 타박상, 할큄, 긁힘’(83.08%)의 피해였으며 피해자와 가해자가 ‘아는 사람’인 경우
가 절반 이상이었다.
(3) 2016년 폭력범죄피해 사건에 대해 경찰에 ‘신고했다’는 응답이 전체 사건의
27.44%였고 2012년에는 31.79%, 2014년에는 16.26%로 나타나 2014년에 비해서는
신고율이 증가하였고 주된 신고이유로는 ‘가해자를 검거 및 처벌하기 위하여’와 ‘앞으
로 그러한 사건이 일어나는 것을 방지하기 위하여’라는 응답이 많았다.
(4) 2016년에 발생한 절도와 손괴 등의 재산범죄피해는 폭력범죄피해와 마찬가지로
‘가을’에 발생하는 경우가 가장 많았고 ‘12시-18시’와 ‘18시-24시’에 주로 발생하였으
며 주요 발생 장소는 ‘(자기 집이나 가해자의 집)집’과 ‘주택가나 그 인접도로’였다.
한편, 인구 밀집 상업지에서 재산범죄피해가 발생한 비율을 연도별로 살펴보면 2012년
7.34%, 2014년 9.62%, 2016년 14.31%로 점차 증가하고 있었으며 ‘학교’에서 발생하는
재산범죄피해는 2012년 이후 지속적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.
(5) 절도 피해에서 피해 물품은 2016년 기준으로 ‘현금(수표, 상품권 포함)’과 ‘자전거
(부속품 포함)’가 많았다. 특히, ‘자전거(+부속품)’의 피해는 2012년 이후부터 계속해서
증가하고 있었다(17.57%→17.86%→23.71%). 한편, 2016년 재산범죄피해의 평균 절도
피해액은 56만 6천원으로 이전 연도에 비해 가장 낮았으며 절도 피해에 대해 ‘전부
혹은 일부 되찾은 경우’는 약 9%에 불과했다.
(6) 2016년 발생한 손괴 사건피해의 상당수는 ‘차량(및 부품)’ 손상으로 2012년 이후
해당 피해 수는 지속적으로 증가하였고 손상이나 파손된 물건의 수리비 또는 재 구입
가격은 28만 원으로 이전 연도에 비해 가장 낮은 금액이었다. 또한 손상이나 파괴
8 전국범죄피해조사 2016
등의 피해에 대해 가해자에게 배상을 요구하는 비율이 점차 높아지고 있었다.
(7) 2016년에 발생한 사기 범죄피해 내용 가운데 상당 부분이 ‘누군가 돈을 갚을
의사나 능력이 없으면서 갚겠다고 속여 돈을 빌려감’이었으며 이는 2012년 이후부터
계속해서 증가하였고 상점(인터넷쇼핑몰 포함)에서 결제를 하였으나 물건을 받지 못했
거나 가짜 물건을 속여 파는 등의 사기 피해 역시 많아지고 있었다. 한편, 주로 나타난
사기수법은 ‘그럴듯한 말솜씨’(58.32%), ‘인터넷 쇼핑 사이트’(19.47%)로 ‘인터넷 쇼핑
사이트’의 사기 피해가 2012년 이후 점차 증가하였으며 ‘보이스피싱’ 피해는 점차 감소
하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 2016년 한 해 동안 발생한 사기 피해사건에서 피해액
회수율(일부 회수포함)이 이전 연도에 비해 높게 나타났다.
(8) 절도나 사기 등의 재산범죄 피해경험으로 인하여 주로 겪는 어려움이나 고통은
2016년의 경우 무력감이나 자신감 상실 등의 ‘우울함’과 ‘두려움’이었으며 우울함을
경험하는 경우가 2012년 이후 점차 많아지는 것으로 나타났다.
(9) 재산범죄피해 사건에 대해 경찰에 신고하였는지 살펴본 결과 2016년에는
21.53%로 나타났으며 재산범죄피해를 경험하고서도 경찰에 신고하지 않는 주된 이유
로는 ‘피해가 심각하지 않아서’와 ‘증거가 없었기 때문에’이라는 응답이 많았다. 한편,
재산범죄피해 신고를 한 응답자를 대상으로 신고에 대한 경찰조치에 대해 어느 정도
만족하는지 알아본 결과 2016년의 경우 이전 연도에 비해 ‘보통이다’의 응답이 높았다.
라. 범죄피해 취약성 요인 분석 결과
(1) 범죄피해 취약성과 관련된 요인을 살펴보기 위해 범죄피해발생이 지역사회 특성,
가구특성, 개인특성별로 어떠한 차이가 나타나는지 알아보았다. 지역사회 특성으로는
이웃관계, 이웃참여, 물리적 및 사회적 무질서, 경찰활동이 포함되며 가구특성에는 주
택유형과 거주형태, 월평균가구소득, 방범수준, 집 비운 정도가 포함된다. 그리고 개인
특성은 성별과 연령과 같은 사회인구학적 특성과 생활양식 및 자기통제 변수를 통해
살펴보았다.
(2) 범죄피해발생이 지역사회 특성별로 어떠한 차이가 나타나는지 살펴본 결과, 재산
범죄피해의 경우는 물리적 무질서 수준이 높은 지역에서 피해가 많았고 폭력범죄피해
의 경우는 이웃참여가 많고 사회적 무질서 수준이 낮고 경찰활동이 효과적인 지역에서
국문요약 9
그렇지 않은 지역에 비해 상대적으로 피해가 적었다.
(3) 범죄피해 취약성 요인의 두 번째로 가구특성별로 범죄피해 발생의 차이가 나타나
는지 살펴본 결과, 가구특성과 가장 밀접한 관계가 있을 것으로 보이는 주거침입범죄피
해의 경우 상대적으로 방범수준이 높은 아파트에서 주거침입범죄피해가 낮았고 상가,
공장, 여관 등과 같은 방범수준이 낮은 비 거주용 건물에서 피해가 가장 높았다.
(4) 사회인구학적 특성별로 범죄피해 발생의 차이가 나타나는지 살펴본 결과, 여자가
남자보다, 50대가 다른 나이대보다, 배우자가 있는 사람이 미혼이나 사별 혹은 이혼을
경험한 사람보다, 대학원이상의 학력을 가진 사람이 그 이하의 학력을 가진 사람보다,
단순노무직에 종사하는 사람이 다른 직종에 종사하는 사람보다 재산범죄피해가 높은
것으로 나타났다. 한편, 재산범죄피해 유형을 대인절도와 사기로 세분화하여 사회인구
학적 특성의 차이를 살펴본 결과 전체 재산범죄피해에서 나타난 결과와 크게 다르지는
않았으나 대인절도범죄피해의 경우 사별 혹은 이혼을 경험한 사람이 미혼이나 배우자
가 있는 사람보다 해당 피해 경험이 상대적으로 더 많았고 사기범죄피해의 경우는
30대의 연령대가 다른 연령대에 비해 피해경험이 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 폭력
범죄피해의 경우 사회인구학적 변수 중 어느 것도 유의한 관계를 갖지 않는 것으로
나타났다.
(5) 범죄피해유형별로 생활양식 및 자기통제수준이 어떻게 다른지 살펴본 결과, 외출
시 고급스런 옷차림이나 액세서리를 많이 하거나 유명브랜드 옷차림을 즐겨하는 사람
이 그렇지 않은 사람보다 재산범죄피해 경험이 많았고 자기통제수준이 높은 사람이
그렇지 않은 사람에 비해 재산범죄피해가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 폭력범죄피해의
경우는 생활양식 중 늦은 귀가만이 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타나
늦은 귀가 횟수가 많은 사람이 그렇지 않은 사람에 비해 피해 경험이 많았다. 이처럼
범죄피해 취약성 요인의 경우 범죄피해 유형별로 다른 양상을 보이고 있음을 확인할
수 있었다.
(6) 범죄피해취약성 요인의 연도 간 추세를 보면 이웃 간 결속과 유대감을 측정하는
이웃관계, 지역사회 문제해결을 위한 참여를 측정하는 이웃참여, 그리고 경찰의 범죄통
제 효율성을 측정하는 경찰활동은 시간이 지남에 따라 대체로 증가하였고 물리적으로
나 사회적으로 자신이 살고 있는 동네가 무질서하다고 생각하는 정도는 점차 낮아지고
있었다. 또한 가구특성 중 방범수준은 대체로 증가한 편이었고 집을 비운 시간은 대체로
10 전국범죄피해조사 2016
감소하는 경향을 보이고 있었으며 개인특성 중 늦은 귀가 횟수, 만취 귀가 횟수, 외출
시 옷차림으로 인한 유인은 시간이 지날수록 증가하였고 대중교통 이용 횟수는 감소하
였다가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 즉, 지역사회 및 가구특성에 있어서의 범죄취약요인은
시간이 지남에 따라 대체로 개선되는 경향이 있는 반면 개인특성에 있어서의 범죄취약
요인은 시간이 지남에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다.
마. 범죄에 대한 인식 및 두려움 관련 조사 결과
(1) 범죄발생에 대한 인식과 관련하여 사람들은 자신이 사는 동네에서의 범죄발생보
다는 우리나라 전체를 기준으로 범죄발생이 앞으로 증가할 것이라고 인식하는 경향이
더 많았다. 한편, 직·간접 범죄피해경험에 따른 범죄발생인식의 차이를 살펴본 결과,
범죄피해경험의 종류(직접경험 혹은 간접경험) 및 범죄발생 범위(우리나라 혹은 우리
동네)와 상관없이 범죄피해경험이 있는 경우 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 범죄발생이 증가
할 것이라고 인식하는 비율이 더 높았다.
(2) 일반적 두려움에 있어서는 ‘밤에 혼자 집에 있을 때’보다 ‘밤에 혼자 동네 골목길
을 걸을 때’ 더 두려워하는 경향이 있었고, 범죄피해대상별 두려움에 있어서는 자녀의
범죄피해에 대한 두려움이 가장 컸으며 그 다음이 배우자(애인)의 범죄피해에 대한
두려움이었고 자신의 범죄피해에 대한 두려움이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 범죄유형
별 두려움에서는 두렵다고 응답한 비율을 기준으로 주거침입에 대한 두려움이 가장
컸으며, 폭행범죄피해, 사기범죄피해에 대한 두려움이 그 다음으로 높았고 성폭력에
대한 두려움은 8개 범죄유형별 두려움 중 중간 정도인 4번째로 높은 것으로 나타났다.
(3) 범죄에 대한 두려움이 개인적 특성이나 도시규모, 주택유형, 미디어 노출 등의
요인별로 어떠한 차이가 나타나는지 살펴본 결과, 모든 종류의 범죄관련 두려움이 대체
로 같은 양상을 보이고 있었다. 즉, 거의 모든 종류의 범죄관련 두려움에서 여자가,
10대와 20대가, 미혼이, 최종학력이 초등학교 졸업인 경우, 전업주부 혹은 학생인 경우,
월평균가구 수입이 많을수록, 범죄피해(간접피해 포함)경험이 있는 경우가, 물리적 및
사회적 무질서 수준이 높은 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 두려움이 더 큰 것으로
나타났다. 단, 이웃참여의 경우 지역사회 문제해결을 위한 이웃참여가 증가할 경우
일반적 두려움은 감소하고 구체적 두려움, 재산 및 폭력범죄피해 두려움은 증가하는
국문요약 11
것으로 나타났고, 경찰활동 및 자기통제수준의 경우 증가할수록 모든 종류의 범죄관련
두려움은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.
(4) 범죄예방활동을 소극적 범죄예방활동과 적극적 범죄예방활동으로 구분하여 살펴
본 결과, 사람들은 호신 도구를 가지고 다니거나 동네의 자율방범 활동에 참여하는
등의 적극적 범죄예방활동보다 문단속이나 밤에 다닐 때 누군가와 함께 다니거나, 혼자
택시를 타지 않는 등의 소극적 범죄예방활동을 더 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다.
(5) 범죄예방활동이 개인적 특성이나 범죄피해경험, 지역 규모 및 주택유형별로 어떻
게 다른지 살펴본 결과, 개인적인 요인 중 성별, 교육수준, 직업 그리고 직접범죄피해경
험 및 주택유형은 범죄예방활동의 종류(간접적인 범죄예방활동, 직접적인 범죄예방활
동)와 상관없이 대체로 같은 방식으로 범죄예방활동에 영향을 미치는 반면 개인적인
요인 중 연령대, 혼인상태 및 월평균 가구소득 그리고 도시규모의 경우에는 범죄예방활
동의 종류에 따라 달라지는 것으로 나타났다.
(6) 범죄발생에 대한 인식, 범죄에 대한 두려움 및 범죄예방활동의 연도별 추세를
보면 우리나라 범죄발생과 우리 동네 범죄발생이 증가할 것이라고 인식하는 정도는
시간이 지남에 따라 대체로 감소하였고 일반적 두려움, 범죄피해대상별 두려움, 범죄유
형별 두려움 모두 올해 조사에서 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 소극적 범죄예방활
동의 경우 시간이 지남에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 적극적 범죄예방활동의 경우
2015년 조사에서 큰 폭으로 증가하였다가 올해 조사에서 다시 감소하여 2013년 조사와
비슷한 수준이었다.
3. 전국범죄피해조사의 발전방향 모색을 위한 제언
본 연구에서는 올해 조사수행과정에 대한 종합적 평가 뿐 아니라 외국에서 수행하는
범죄피해조사 현황 분석을 통해 향후 범죄피해조사의 발전을 위해 검토가 필요한 사항
들을 정리해 보았다. 해당 내용을 간략히 정리하면 다음과 같다.
먼저, 조사 설계상의 조사대상 관련 사항이다. 현재 범죄피해조사는 가구단위 조사로
만 14세 이상의 가구원 전원을 조사한다. 이와 관련하여 조사대상의 하한 연령에 대한
적정성 검토와 더불어 저 연령층에 대한 별도의 피해조사의 필요성과 현재 개인 단위의
범죄피해율 추정방식 및 범죄피해 취약성 요인과 관련 인식에 대한 분석에 있어서
12 전국범죄피해조사 2016
한 가구에서 만 14세 이상의 가구원 전원이 조사하여 생산된 조사 자료를 활용할 때
나타날 수 있는 문제에 대한 논의를 검토해 봐야 할 것이다. 또한 현실적으로 예산상의
문제 해결이 쉽지 않다는 점을 고려하여 표본 규모 확대보다는 최소한의 표본으로
최대한의 효과를 얻을 수 있는 전략적인 조사방법 적용의 필요성을 제기하였다.
두 번째, 조사표 설계과정에서 주요 지표 범죄피해유형과 결정방식에 대한 재검토의
필요성을 제기하였다. 현재 범죄피해조사에서 측정하고 있는 범죄피해유형의 한계가
나타남에 따라 오늘날 발생하고 있는 다양한 범죄피해현상을 측정할 수 있도록 해야
하며 범죄피해경험의 영역을 보다 확대할 필요성을 언급하였다. 또한 범죄 심각성의
위계규칙에 따른 범죄피해유형 결정방식과 상습피해 측정방식에 대해서도 향후 논의가
필요하며 구체적인 조사항목에 대한 전반적인 검토의 필요성과 더불어 조사표 수록사항
을 보완해야 함을 지적하였다.
세 번째, 새로운 조사표 응답 방식 적용의 필요성이다. 이는 범죄피해조사를 수행하
는 과정에서 지속적으로 제기되었던 내용으로 조사응답의 효율성 뿐 아니라 조사의
특성을 충분히 고려한 자료수집방법의 개발이 시급한 상황이다. 또한 2가지 이상의
조사방법을 사용하는 혼합조사의 형태에서는 조사결과에 대한 조사방법의 효과가 다를
수 있기 때문에 ‘조사과정자료’를 적극적으로 활용해야 하며 조사과정자료 활용성을
높이기 위해서는 관련 변수 발굴을 통해 자료수집과정에 대한 신뢰성과 적절성을 확보
해야 할 것이다.
본 연구는 최근 사회적으로 문제가 되는 도로위에서의 폭력행위인 난폭운전과 보복
운전 피해는 물론 주요 지표 범죄피해와 관련하여 매우 포괄적이고 종합적인 관점에서
살펴보았다. 즉, 우리나라에서 발생한 폭력범죄와 재산범죄 피해 발생 실태와 범행수
법, 피해자와 가해자와의 관계 등의 구체적 피해 내용과 범죄피해에 취약한 요인을
살펴보았고 범죄발생 및 범죄피해에 대한 두려움 등 관련 인식에 대한 태도, 일상적
생활양식 등을 파악하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 조사 전 과정에 대한 평가와 더불어
외국의 범죄피해조사 현황을 검토하여 향후 범죄피해조사의 발전을 위해 필요한 몇
가지 논의 사항을 정리하였다. 1994년부터 시작된 전국범죄피해조사는 2009년 조사
설계 및 조사 방법의 전면적인 개편 작업과정 뿐 아니라 그 이후에도 지속적인 수정과
보완과정을 통해 통계자료의 타당성과 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 앞으로도 한국의 범죄피
해조사가 보다 정확하고 과학적인 통계 자료가 될 수 있도록 지속적인 노력이 요구된다.