1. Introduction

The purpose of this study is to examine the extent and nature of juvenile victimization, to discover specific characteristics of juvenile victims and offenders, and to analyze those factors affecting juvenile victimization in Korea.
This survey also explores victim's perception of the fear of crime. This is the second nation-wide juvenile victimization survey in Korea since its inception in 2008.

2. Data collection

The survey population for this study was juveniles aged 13-18 years residing in Korea. By using systematic sampling method, the sample was extracted proportionate to population size with different regions and demographic characteristics. A total of 7,109 respondents were randomly selected across the country. In this survey, data were collected from respondents through an internet survey. The survey was done from August 25 to 17 September 2014.
The respondents were asked about various forms of victimization experiences.
In principle, victimization was categorized into violent crimes and property crimes as categorized in 1990 and 1999 survey. In addition to violent crimes and property crimes, this survey included victimization of cyber crime, domestic violence, peer violence, and witnessing and indirect victimizations which are specific to juvenile.
In specific, information about the time and place of victimization, loss and damages that had occurred, whether to report to the police, overlaping of offence and victim, socio-demographic characteristics and life-styles of victims, fear of crime, and crime prevention behavior were also collected in this survey.

3. Deion of sample

Among the survey sample, 48.7%(3,465) of those respondents were middle school students, and 51.3%(3,644) were high school students. About 47.1%(3,347) of respondents were boys and 52.9%(3,762) were girls.

4. Juvenile victimization levels and rates in 2014

Table 1 shows the number of victimization experiences and the victimization rate per 100 juveniles for violent crimes and property crimes that occurred during the past one year period under study.

During the one year period, 169 respondents were appeared to experience violent crime, including about 93 robberies, 53 assaults, and 86 threats. In terms of victimization rate, there were 1.3 robberies, 0.7 assaults, and 1.2 threats per 100 juveniles.
For property crimes, 805 of respondents reported their experience of victimization. These crimes included 541 thefts, 321 frauds, and 81 pick-pocketing. In terms of victimization rate, there were 7.6 thefts, 4.5 frauds, and 1.1 pocket-pickings per juveniles.
In addition to violent and property crimes, 150 of respondents reported their experience of sexual victimization.
In cyber crimes, 413 of respondents reported their experience of victimization. These crimes included 224 cyber verbal abuses, 169 cyber defamation, and 52 cyberstalking, 80 cyber sexual violence, personal information exposure, 46 cyber bullying. In terms of victimization rate, there were 3.2 cyber verbal abuses, 2.4 cyber defamations, 0.7 cyberstalkings, 1.1 cyber sexual violences, 1.1 personal information exposures, and 0.6 cyber bullyings per 100 juveniles.
In domestic violences, 426 of respondents reported their experience of victimization. These crimes included 189 physical abuses, 376 emotional abuses, and 52 neglects. In terms of victimization rate, there were 2.7 physical abuses, 5.3 emotional abuses, and 0.7 neglects per 100 juveniles.
In peer violences, 261 of respondents reported their experience of victimization. These crimes included 105 bullyings, 176 exculisons, 5 gang assaults, and 33 dating violences. In terms of victimization rate, there were 1.5 bullyings, 2.5 exculisons, 0.1 gang assaults, and 0.7 dating violences per 100 juveniles.
In witnessing and indirect victimizations, 145 of respondents reported their experience of victimization. These crimes included 106 witness to assault, and 67 witness to robbery. In terms of victimization rate, there were 1.5 witness to assault, and 0.9 witness to robbery per 100 juveniles.

5. Reporting to the police

Reporting to the police varied with the types of victimization. Table 2 shows the rate of reporting victimization to the police. It appears that the majority of victimization experiences reported in the survey were not reported to the police.
In the violent crimes and property crimes, the reporting rate ranged from the highest of 16.3%(assult) to the lowest of 0% (theft). The assault had the highest reporting rate of 16.7%, followed by robbery(13.3%), fraud(10.4%), and pocket-picking(10.2%).
In cyber crimes, the reporting rate ranged from the highest of 11.1%(cyber bullying) to the lowest of 0% (cyberstalking and personal information exposure).
In peer violences, the reporting rate ranged from the highest of 24.2%(dating violences) to the lowest of 4.4% (exclusion).

The reporting rates of domestic violences were also extremely low.